Short Answer Questions

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Short Answer Questions

1. Name the following

1. The part of the plant which grows under the ground: Root

2. The part of the plant which grows above the soil: Shoot

3. The wide flat portion of the leaf: Lamina

2. What are the four functions of roots?

1. Absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

2. Anchoring the plant to the ground.

3. Storing food (e.g., Carrot, Beetroot).

4. Helping in vegetative propagation (e.g., Sweet Potato).

3. Mention the functions of the following:

1. Spines: Protect the plant from herbivores and reduce water loss (e.g., Cactus).

2. Tendril: Helps the plant to climb by coiling around support (e.g., Pea).

3. Scale leaves: Protect buds and store food (e.g., Onion).

4. Define venation. What are the different types of venation found in the leaves?

Venation is the arrangement of veins in a leaf. The two types are:

1. Parallel Venation: Veins run parallel to each other (e.g., Grass, Banana).

2. Reticulate Venation: Veins form a network (e.g., Mango, Peepal).

5. Describe the modifications of the leaf in any one insectivorous plant.

Insectivorous plants trap insects to obtain nutrients.

• Example: Pitcher plant – Its leaf is modified into a pitcher-shaped structure with a lid to trap insects. The insects are digested to obtain nitrogen.

6. Write the two main functions of leaves.

1. Photosynthesis: Leaves prepare food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

2. Transpiration: Loss of excess water in the form of water vapor through stomata.

7. Define

1. Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants make food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water, releasing oxygen.

2. Transpiration: The process of water loss from the leaves in the form of water vapor through stomata.

8. Name the following:

1. Two organ systems of the plant: Root system, Shoot system

2. Two main types of the root system: Taproot system, Fibrous root system

3. Five parts of the shoot system: Stem, Leaves, Flowers, Buds, Fruits

4. Three types of phyllotaxy: Alternate, Opposite, Whorled

5. Two types of venation: Parallel venation, Reticulate venation

9. Define the terms given below:

1. Phyllotaxy: The arrangement of leaves on a stem or branch.

2. Leaf: A green, flattened structure that carries out photosynthesis.

3. Autotrophic Nutrition: Nutrition in which an organism makes its own food (e.g., Green plants).

4. Leaf Tendril: A leaf modification that helps plants climb (e.g., Pea plant).

5. Vegetative Propagation: A mode of plant reproduction where new plants grow from roots, stems, or leaves (e.g., Bryophyllum).

10. Give a term for the following:

1. The fine hair-like projections from the ends of the root branches: Root hairs

2. The part of the stem between two successive nodes: Internode

3. The kind of leaves without a petiole: Sessile leaves

4. The technical term for a leaf stalk: Petiole

5. The pigment which traps solar energy for the process of photosynthesis: Chlorophyll

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Long Answer Questions

1. Giving examples, differentiate between the following:

Feature	Taproot	Fibrous Root
Structure	One main root with branches	Many thin roots of equal size
Plant Type	Found in dicots (e.g., Mango, Carrot)	Found in monocots (e.g., Wheat, Grass)

Feature	Simple Leaf	Compound Leaf
Leaf Structure	Has a single blade (e.g., Mango)	Has multiple leaflets (e.g., Neem)

Feature	Parallel Venation	Reticulate Venation
Vein Pattern	Veins run parallel (e.g., Banana)	Veins form a network (e.g., Peepal)

2. What is the modification seen in Bryophyllum?

• In Bryophyllum, leaves have small buds on their edges.

• These buds can grow into new plants when they fall on the soil.

• This is an example of vegetative propagation by leaves.

3. What purpose is served by the spines borne on the leaves of a cactus?

• Spines in cacti help to reduce water loss by minimizing surface area.

• They also protect the plant from being eaten by animals.

4. Explain why leaf survival is so important to the plant.

1. Photosynthesis: Leaves prepare food, which is essential for plant growth.

2. Transpiration: Leaves release excess water and help in cooling the plant.

3. Gas Exchange: Leaves take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

4. Storage: In some plants, leaves store food (e.g., Onion).